Testeur de capacité pour accu de réception
Soumis par Anonyme le lun, 24/03/2003 - 01:00.
Voici un montage fort utile, voir indispensable dans le monde de l'aéromodélisme.
Ce circuit aux faibles dimensions permet de connaître à tous moments
l'état de charge des accus de réception. Il est en effet impensable
de lancer dans les airs son modèle préféré sans
être certain de sa batterie. Les conséquences sont, dans la plupart
des cas, dramatiques. Avant de passer au schéma, voici un peu de théorie.
L'accu NI-CD.
Je ne vais pas ici faire une thèse sur les accus, mais expliquer en
quelques lignes leur fonctionnement.
Pour ceux désireux d'approfondir le sujet, je vous recommande de consulter
le site www.ni-cd.net .
Il faut savoir qu'un accu ni-cd se recharge à courant constant, et que
la tension nominale d'un élément est de 1,2 volts. Lorsque ce
dernier est complètement chargé, sa tension tourne autour des
1,35 volts. Lorsqu'il est complètement déchargé, sa tension
est de 1 volt. Lors de son utilisation, la tension va rapidement descendre de
1,35 volt à 1,2 volts. Ensuite cette tension va stagner pendant une période
plus ou moins longue (fonction du courant consommé) pour ensuite reprendre
sa chute rapide jusqu'à 1 volt. A ce stade, il est impératif de
le recharger sous peine de destruction. De même, une recharge répétée
d'un accu lorsqu'il n'est pas déchargé entraîne une réaction
chimique provoquant ce que l'on appelle " l'effet mémoire ",
c'est à dire une incapacité d'utiliser complètement la
puissance disponible. En clair, pour profiter pleinement de ses accus, il faut
les recharger correctement mais également les décharger correctement.
Il faut savoir également que l'effet mémoire n'est pas irréversible.
Une décharge complète de l'accu permet son élimination.
En pratique.
Dans la plupart des cas, les accus de réception sont composés
de 4 éléments, fournissant une tension nominale de 4,8 volts (4
X 1,2 V). Cela signifie qu'a pleine charge, votre accu fournit une tension de
5,4 volts, et que lorsqu'il est complètement déchargé,
il affiche une tension de 4 volts.
ATTENTION !!, cela ne veut pas dire que vous pouvez l'utiliser jusque 4 volts
!!! Premièrement parce que l'électronique du récepteur
et des servos ont besoin d'une tension supérieure pour un fonctionnement
correct et qu'ensuite, le passage de la tension nominale à la tension
de décharge se fait rapidement. Pour moi, voler avec un accu affichant
une tension inférieure à 4,4 volts est du suicide !
Le montage (schéma
1).
Le montage est basé sur un LM3914N,circuit facile à trouver et
bon marché. Sa documentation peut être téléchargée
sur le site : www.national.com . Il permet l'affichage d'une tension au moyen
de dix leds. On peut lui définir la tension minimale, maximale et le
courant consommé par chaque led, ce qui évite l'ajout de résistances
de limitation. Il possède en plus une référence de tension
interne que l'on peut également ajuster . Le schéma 2 reprend
le câblage de base. Avec les valeurs indiquées sur la figure du
schéma 1, la tension affichée peut varier de 4,2 volts à
5,2 volts (chaque led correspond à 0,1 volt), ce qui convient parfaitement
pour l'utilisation que l'on en fait ici. La figure du schéma 3 représente
le circuit imprimé. Des leds de 3 mm rectangulaires ont été
utilisées. Une petite capa de 100nF à été ajoutée
pour le découplage.
Mise en œuvre.
La mise en œuvre est relativement simple puisqu'il suffit de connecter
le montage (en respectant la polarité) sur l'alimentation du modèle
réduit. La led correspondant à la tension d'alimentation la plus
proche s'allume automatiquement. Il est a noter que le test de tension d'un
accu se fait en charge. Je vous conseille donc de faire tourner vos servos dans
toutes les directions lorsque vous vérifier votre accu. L'utilisation
de leds de différentes couleurs facilite la lecture surtout si le montage
est inséré dans le cockpit. Il est à noter que la réaction
du circuit est très rapide. Lorsque les servos seront en mouvement, vous
verrez plusieurs leds s'allumer traduisant la chute de tension engendrée
par la consommation de courant.
Le prix de revient est dérisoire puisqu'il ne dépasse pas quelques
euros.
Si vous avez des questions, n'hésitez pas à me contacter. Bon
vol à tous.
»
- Vous devez vous identifier ou créer un compte pour écrire des commentaires
Bonjour , ou peut-on se procurer le schéma de montage de ce testeur ? Merci par avance.
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